With thousands of year’s history, China made great devotion to world architecture. She owns some classic types of buildings. Palace (Chinese: 宫)Gong is a word for “palace” in Chinese. Totally different with the religious architectures of western countries, gong is the greatest achievement of Chinese architecture. At the beginning, gong is a multifunctional place used for leader’s residence, meeting place and sacrifice place, then developed to the place only for emperor and queen’s living. The location of gong is always located at the center of the city. Axisymmetric structure is the most important features.of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays.
- Drawings Of Ancient Buildings In Ming And Qing Dynasties Cad Map
- Drawings Of Ancient Buildings In Ming And Qing Dynasties Cadillacs
Located in the very heart of Beijing, the magnificent Forbidden City, also known as Imperial Palace Museum, was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Built in Yongle Period, Ming Dynasty (1406 A.D. 1420 A.D.), it covers an area of about 720,000 square meters. It was repaired four times in the Jin Dynasty, six times in the Yuan Dynasty and 21 times in the Ming Dynasty. The biggest one was in the twelfth year of Emperor Xiaozong Hong of the Ming Dynasty (1499 A.D.), when the Confucian Temple was struck by lightning and more than 120 main buildings such as Dacheng Hall were 'reduced to ashes'. Forbidden City Map, Beijing, China, Ming dynasty, 15th century and later Travel. Chinese Architecture CAD Drawings Chinese Buildings, Ancient Chinese.
It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).Apart from the palace, other abodes of the emperor are also called Gong. The Yiheynan Park used to be the Summer Palace. Then there is another type of Gong called Zhaigong, where the emperor prepared himself abstinence before he offered sacrifice at grand ceremonies. There is one such Zhaigong on the grounds of Beijing's Temple of Heaven.Inside a great number of Gongs, certain individual buildings may also be called Gong.
The Qing emperors used to live at Qianqinggong (Palace of Heavenly Purity) in the Forbidden City, whereas the living quarters of the empresses were at Kunninggong (Palace of Female Tranquility). The imperial concubines of various ranks inhabited the six Gongs or palace quadrangles on either side of the central axis of the Forbidden City.The name Gong is also used for religious buildings of great dimensions. The Potala in Lhasa is a Gong to the Chinese; the lame temple of Beijing is Yonghegong. The temples of Taoist priests are generally called Sanginggong (palace of triple purity).Chinese palaceFor thousands of years, the word Gong was reserved exclusively for naming imperial and religious buildings. With the passage of time and political changes, many of the old Gongs have been opened to the general public for sightseeing. Furthermore, a number of buildings have been named Gong or palace.
For instance, Taimiao of the Imperial Ancestral Temple in Beijing has been renamed the 'Working People's Palace of Culture'. Similar Gongs or palaces have been built in many cities of the country for the cultural, scientific and recreational activities respectively for workers and children. Pavilion (Chinese: 亭)The Chinese pavilion (ting, which also means a kiosk), a common sight in China. It’s one of the most important roles in Chinese ancient architecture. It’s no exaggeration to say that where there is a garden, there is a pavilion in China. It is built normally either of wood or stone or bamboo with any of several shapes - square, triangle, hexagon, octagon, a five-petal flower, a fan and more. But all pavilions have columns for support without walls.
In parks or some scenic places, pavilions are built on slopes to command the panorama or are built by the lakeside to create intriguing images by water.Pavilions also serve diverse purposes. The wayside pavilion is called Liangting (cooling kiosk) to provide weary wayfarers with a place for rest. The 'stele pavilion' gives a roof to a stone tablet to protect the engraved record of an important event. Pavilions also stand by bridges or over water-wells.
In the latter case, dormer windows are built to allow the sun to cast its rays into the well as it has been the belief that water untouched by the sun would cause disease. Occasionally you will find two pavilions standing side by side like twins. In modern times, kiosks have been erected in urban areas as postal stalls, newsstands or photographers' sheds for snapshot services.PavilionRare among pavilions are those built of bronze. The most celebrated of these is Baoyunge Pavilion of Precious Clouds in The entire structure including its roof and columns is cast in bronze. It is popularly known as the 'Gold Pavilion” for its elegant and dignified. Terrace (Chinese: 台)The Tai was an ancient architectural structure, an elevated terrace with a flat top. In most cases be built of earth, stone and surfaced with brick, they are used as a belvedere from which to look into the distance.
In fact, however, many well-known ancient Tai today are not just a bare platform but has some palatial halls built on top. A typical example is the Round City of the. As a terrace five meters high, it has an area of 4, 500 square meters on its top and a main hall with side corridors.TerraceThe Tai could be built to serve different practical purposes.
Drawings Of Ancient Buildings In Ming And Qing Dynasties Cad Map
For example, Jianguomen in Beijing which dates back to the Ming and Qing dynasties is an observatory. It could also be used for military purposes like the beacon towers along the Great Wall, to transmit urgent information with smoke by day and fire by night in emergency. Also on the Great Wall, there is a square Tai at intervals of every 300 to 400 meters from which the garrison troops kept watch. Storeyed Building (Chinese: 楼)When the Chinese people speak of a Lou, they refer to any building of two or more storeys with a horizontal main ridge. The erection of such buildings began a long time ago in the Period of the Warring States (475-221 BC), when Chonglou ('layered houses') was mentioned in historical records.Ancient buildings with more than one storey were meant for a variety of uses. The smaller two-storeyed buildings of private homes generally have the owner's study or bedroom upstairs.
The more magnificent ones built in parks or at scenic spots were belvederes from which to enjoy the distant scenery. In this case, it is sometimes translated as a 'tower'. A Tang Dynasty poet upon his visit to a famous riverside tower composed a poem, two lines of which are still frequently quoted 'To look far into the distance, go up yet one more storey'.Yellow Crane TowerAncient cities had bell and drum towers (zhonglou and gulou), usually palatial buildings with four-sloped, double-caved, glazed roofs, all-around verandas and coloured and carved dougong brackets supporting the overhanging eaves.
They housed a big bell or drum which was used to toll hours and the local officials would open the city gates at the toll of the bell early in the morning and close them with the strike of the drum in the evening.The art of constructing tall buildings was already highly developed in China during ancient times. Many multiple-storeyed towers of complex structure had wholly wood frameworks fixed together with dougong brackets without the use of a single piece of metal. In Hunan and in Wuchang are masterpieces among ancient towers.
Storeyed Pavilion (Chinese: 阁)The Chinese Ge is similar to the Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around. Nanchang is one of the representive of such a pavilion architecture art.Such storeyed pavilions were used in ancient times for the storage of important articles and documents. Take Wenyuange as an example, in the Forbidden City of Beijing was in effect the imperial library.
Kuiwenge in the Confucius Temple of Qufu, was devoted to the safekeeping of the books and works of painting and calligraphy bestowed by the courts of various dynasties. Some of the Ge, notably those erected in parks, like other pavilions or towers (ting, tai and lou), were used for enjoying the sights.Storeyed PavilionThe name Ge is also used to describe the towers which shelter the colossal statues one finds in some great monasteries.
A prominent example is the Guanyinge of Dulesi Temple in Jixian County of Hebei Province. Twenty-three meters high and housing the huge idol of the Goddess of Mercy (Guanyin), it is the oldest exitsing multiple-storeyed structure of its kind in China.
Built in the Liao Dynasty (916 - 1125 A. D.), it has withstood twenty-eight earthquakes including three of a devastating nature.
When all the houses in the area collapsed, it was the only one that survived the disaster. This example shows how well its wooden frame was structured. Other well-known religious buildings housing Buddhist statues, big or small, include Foxiangge in Beijing's Summer Palace and Zhenwuge in Ronxian of Guangdong Province. All of them, tall, graceful and dignified, can be listed as representative works of classical Chinese architecture.
Drawings Of Ancient Buildings In Ming And Qing Dynasties Cadillacs
Pagoda (Chinese: 塔)Pagoda is a common oriental traditional building with specific form and style, and it’s easy to be seen in most of Asian countries. Pagoda is always used as a place collecting sarira, Buddha, Buddhist Scriptures, etc. It’s a kind of building having ties to Buddhism. Buddhism came to China during the Eastern or Later Han period.
The oldest monastery (siyuan) on Chinese ground is the White Horse Monastery (Baimasi) in Luoyang. A pagoda can also be seen as a symbol for a monastery.
By the way, the word 'pagoda' derives from the Sanskrit word bhagavat (cf. The book Bhagavad-Gita) 'holy'., are among those most and are representers of such an architecture art.The typical Chinese pagoda like we know it has nothing in common with the old Indian stupa and seems to be very different from the buildings of southern Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka (former Ceylon; chedi), Myanmar (former Burma), Thailand, Laos and Cambodia (all three countries adopting the Khmer style prang pagoda). But if we have a closer look at the shapes and appearances of the Chinese pagodas in earlier ages, we can find traces that can lead back to the Indian origin also of the typical octagonal and straight Chinese pagoda with the curved roofs. It reflects a pagoda of Bodhgaya, an important location of Buddhist worship in India, by which we can see some typical features of a pagoda or stupa: the tower is multi-storied and more or less decorated on the surface and tapers from bottom to top.
The top is crowned with something that looks like a flower bud, in Buddhism an expression for the lotus flower.Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in XianIn other cases, the construction at the top is an honorific umbrella with up to ten layers. Around the main tower we find small miniature pagodas, ranging from four to eight, depending on the shape of the whole pagoda complex. Most pagodas contain relics of the Buddha or at least a statue of the Enlightened. The inside of a pagoda may be a dome-like room or can be climbed by stairs to take care for the decorations or the jewels that are fixed atop of the lotus flower bud.The oldest pagoda still intact on Chinese soil is the pagoda of Songyue Monastery of Dengfeng / Henan at the foothills of the sacred mountain Songshan. It stands near the famous Shaolin Monastery where monks of the Chan School developed Kungfu fighting for mental training.
The brick pagoda is 41m high and was erected in 523 under the patronage of the Northern Wei rulers. While the lower parts of the round pagoda are built of twelve flat surfaces symbolizing the twelve causes of sin, the upper part is octagonal and constructed in the shape of 15 steps. The top is crowned by a bud that once was adorned with jewels.
About Tunxi Ancient StreetTunxi Ancient Street, with hundred years history, is the best persevered old street in China in the style of the Southern Song Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is composed of 1 main street, 3 bystreets and 18 alleys with more than 300 Hui-style architectures. Travelers can take a leisure stroll along the old street to enjoy Huizhou culture, immerse in the fragrance of tea and ink and taste some local snacks. Type: Ancient Street; Historic SiteBest Seasons: All Seasons, especially during May to NovemberRecommended Visiting Time: about 12 hoursOpening Time: All day (while Tunxi Museum/Cheng Families’ Houses opening hour at 08:3017:00)Tickets: Free (Cheng Families’ Houses charge 30 Yuan /person)Address: Tunxi Old Street, Tunxi District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. Tunxi Ancient Street, or Tunxi Old Street, is well located in the center of Tunxi District of Huangshan City.
With about 630 years’ history, Tunxi Ancient Street is the best preserved old street in China in the style of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 960 - 1127), Ming (A.D. 1368 - 1644) and Qing (A.D.
1644 - 1911) Dynasties. Besides, in 2009, Tunxi Ancient Street, together with Guozijian Street in Beijing and Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, won the great reputation of “Chinese Historical and Cultural Street”. It also was listed among the “National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units”.Tunxi Ancient Street is paved with maroon flagstones with a total length of 1272 meters, of which 832 meters is the main pedestrian street, starting in the west of Zhenhai Bridge and ending in the east of Qingchun Alley, with a width of 5 to 8 meters.
This old street is facing with green mountains and situated at the junction of rivers and the whole area is in a shape of fish, composed with one main straight street, three bystreets and eighteen alleys, more than 300 Hui-style architectures scattered in the area. An ancient Western-European architect once visited the old street and said that he had found “The Eastern Ancient Rome”. And Chinese people call it living “Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival”. Till now, Tunxi Ancient Street has a history of more than 630 years. The formation and development of Tunxi Ancient Street was benefited from its position as the important water transport hub since the Song Dynasty (A.D.
Down the river, it could reach Hangzhou, the City of Heaven; up the river, it could reach Shangxikou in Xiuning. From Tunxi Ancient Street, it can transit goods to half region of Huizhou which was regarded as the economy and transportation hub.In the late Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1271 - 1368), Tunxi Ancient Street took shape and Chen Weizong himself built 8 hostels, 47 rooms for business. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Hui merchants began to rise, leading to the rapid development of Tunxi Ancient Street. In the late Qing Dynasty, it became prosperous with the old-style Chinese private banks, pawnshops, silverware shops, pharmacies, grocery, restaurants, shops selling tea, silk, porcelain, salt, sugar In the Republica of China period (A.D.
1912 - 1949), it was called “Little Shanghai” for its prosperity. Appreciate Typical Hui-style Architectures & Exquisite CarvingsOnce you step into the antique street, you’ll get awed by the exquisite Huizhou architectures - elegant structures, gray tile, white wall, ancestral halls and memorial archways. Forms the most typical scene captured in traditional Chinese landscape paintings, perfectly integrated with the streets, mountains and rivers. Tunxi Ancient Street is the typical old street where local residents do business and live. You can see different styles in presenting the original Ming and Qing Dynasties architecture - shop front and workshop rear, shop front and storehouse rear, shop front and living rooms rear, or shop at the first floor and living rooms at the second floor.
To have a vivid look at the Hui-style architectures, travelers can visit “Tongderen” Pharmacy to see shop front and workshop rear style; visit “Chen Dexin” sauce and pickles shop to view shop front and storehouse rear style, or stop by “Mao Huai” antique shop to see shop front and living rooms rear style. All the houses drain off water through the skylight because water means fortune, in this way, fortune will not run off outside. It is called “water returning to the main hall of the houses from four sides” by local residents.When you stroll along the pedestrian street, you can fully appreciate the exquisite carvings decorated on beams, bracket arms, handrails, and window frames. Popular patterns include figures, flowers, fowl, insects, fish, clouds, and these are usually of auspicious themes, such as the “eight immortals crossing the sea”, 'five bats around a shou (sign of longevity)”. Visit Tunxi Museum & Chen Families’ HousesApart from visiting the old and typical shops, travelers can pay a visit to Tunxi Museum as well as Cheng Families’ Houses. Tunxi Museum (屯溪博物馆)Tunxi Museum is a comprehensive regional museum displaying Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, calligraphy, paintings, porcelain, jade, bronze, Four Treasures of the Study, as well as Huizhou tile carvings. You couldn’t miss the Qing Dynasty Figure Carving – the whole tile carving is 128 centimeters high and 290 centimeters long, formed by 52 pieces of tile carvings.
It presents three stories about the Three Kingdom, including A Battle at Changbanpo, Liubei Takes a Wife, and Borrowing the East Wind. You can also take a look at the She ink stone which is 1.62 meters long, 0.61 meters wide and at a weight of 360 kilograms. The ink stone can be called a unique treasure in the world. (Note: Please visit during 08:3017:00.) Cheng Families’ Houses (程氏三宅)Cheng Families’ Houses are three Ming Dynasty architectures with 600 years’ history located at No.6, 7 and 28 of Baishu Dongli Alley.
It was built by Cheng Min, the ceremonial master in the Ming Dynasty, hence the houses are named “Cheng Families’ Three Houses”. The houses are reputed as “The Treasure of Ming Dynasty Folk House” by the Forbidden City architect Fu Nianxi. Travelers can closely appreciate the elegant and exquisite wood carvings, stone carvings and brick carvings. (Note: It needs extra charge of 30 Yuan per person. Please visit between 08:3017:00.) Explore Profound Ink Stick & Ink Slab CultureHave you ever seen the Chinese calligraphy? Do you know the “Four Treasures of Chinese Study” - writing brush, ink stick, ink slab and art paper? A stroll along Tunxi Ancient Street and a visit to the ink stick, ink slab shop will help you have a basic understanding of the profound Chinese calligraphy culture.To know more about ink stick culture, it is suggested to visit.
This ink-stick factory was first built in 1765 with a history of more than 250 years. The factory sets more than 10 workshops covering the manin ink-stick producing process, including lighting up, filling, making ink, carving, gold drawing, etc. Travelers could not only see the whole process of making ink, but also enjoy more than 7800 styles of ink molds carved by famous sculptors since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Take Local Snacks or Sip Famous TeaIf you are a foodie, you are at the right place where you can taste delicious Huizhou cuisine and local snacks.
Anhui Cuisine is one of the Eight Traditional Chinese Cuisine which focuses on simple ingredients, specific cooking times, pure flavor and various styles. Pick a comfortable restaurant to enjoy the popular dishes, like Soft Shell Turtle Stewed with Ham, Mandarin Fish (Chou Guiyu), Yipin Guo and Fried Odorous Bean Curd (Youjian Mao Doufu). If you are seeking for some snacks, you can try Wang Yitiao Wonton, Huangshan Shaobing (a Chinese style baked roll).If you have more leisure time to sit for a while, you are recommended to enjoy a cup of famous tea, like Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰), Qimen Black Tea (祁门红茶), and Taiping Kowkui (太平猴魁). With light fragrance, you’ll calm down when you are in the bustling street.
Tunxi Ancient Street is located in the center area of Tunxi District of Huangshan City. It is about 5 kilometers from, about 3.3 kilometers from Huangshan Railway Station and 13.7 kilometers from. It is a good choice to take a short visit before your Huangshan departure or after your Huangshan arrival if you have enough time. Besides, it is about 70 kilometers from which takes about 1.5 hours for driving.Travel with China DiscoveryIf you want to get rid of hustle of public transportation and troublesome navigation, you can take a private which covers sightseeing, dining and transfer from us. Our local tour guide and driver will escort you to Tunxi Ancient Street with speed and convenience, and take care of all the details. You just need to focus on sightseeing.
If you have more questions or ideas about a Tunxi tour, please feel free to, we are specialized in tailor-made tours according to your own interests, traveling time, and budget.